My Summaries of Goodwin and Dyer's Theories

Andrew Goodwin’s Music Video Theory
Andrew Goodwin’s explains how music videos are constructed to promote both the song and the artist. He argues that music videos often show a clear relationship between the lyrics and visuals, where the images either illustrate, amplify, or sometimes contradict the lyrics. Similarly, there is usually a connection between the music and the visuals, such as fast cuts matching a fast rhythm. Goodwin also suggests that music videos rely on genre conventions, meaning certain visual styles, themes, and performance techniques are repeated so audiences can easily recognise the genre. Another key idea is the frequent use of close-ups of the artist, which helps build a recognisable image and strengthens the artist–audience relationship. Finally, Goodwin highlights the concept of voyeurism, where the camera invites the audience to look at the artist in an intimate or objectifying way, reinforcing the idea that music videos are carefully constructed promotional tools.

Richard Dyer’s Star Theory
Richard Dyer’s Star Theory focuses on how celebrities are constructed by the media rather than being naturally “real.” Dyer argues that stars are manufactured through a combination of their music, performances, social media presence, interviews, and music videos. A key idea of his theory is that stars are presented as both ordinary and extraordinary at the same time: they appear relatable and human, yet also aspirational and glamorous. This helps audiences feel connected to the star while still admiring them. Dyer also suggests that stars represent specific ideologies and values, such as youth, rebellion, success, which reflect cultural contexts and beliefs. He shows that a star’s image is a carefully controlled product designed to appeal to audiences and generate profit.